Seasonal activity of Ichneumonid pupal parasitoids of <i>Operophtera</i> spp. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Keywords:
<i>Operophtera</i> spp., Lepidoptera, Geometridae, biological controlAbstract
Field placement of cocoons of <i>Operophtera</i> spp. was used to determine the timing of attack by pupal parasitoids of the winter moth, <i>Operophtera brumata</i> (L.), and the Bruce spanworm, <i>O. bruceata</i> (Hulst). <i>Coccygomimus hesperus</i> Tow. & Tow., the most abundant parasitoid recovered, attacked <i>Operophtera</i> pupae from early June until the end of August. At least two generations of <i>C. hesperus</i> occur each season. <i>Buathra dorsicarinata</i> (Pratt) was not recovered in numbers large enough to determine its timing of attack and no pupae parasitized by <i>Cratichneumon</i> sp. were recovered.References
Carlson, R.W. 1979. Ichneumonidae. Pp. 315-740. In: K.V. Krombein et al. (eds.). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, Vol. 1. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wash., D.C. 1198 pp.
Finlayson, T. 1960. Taxonomy of cocoons and puparia, and their contents, of Canadian parasites of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Can. Ent. 92:20-47.
Gillespie, D.R. and T. Finlayson. 1981. Final-instar larvae of native hymenopterous and dipterous parasites of Operophtera spp. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in British Columbia. Can. Ent. 113:45-55.
Heinrich, G.H. 1960. Synopsis of Nearctic Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae with particular reference to the northeastern region (Hymenoptera). Can. Ent. Sup. 15.
Humble, L.M. (In press). Final-instar larvae of native pupal parasites and hyperparasites of Operophtera spp. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on southern Vancouver Island. Can. Ent.
Maybee, G.E. and H.G. Wylie. 1961. Effects of temperature and moisture on survival of parasites in stored winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Can. Ent. 93:851-855.
Price, P.W. 1970. A comparison of four methods for sampling adult populations of cocoon parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Can. J. Zool. 49:513-521.
Schultz, P.B. and L.T. Kok. 1979. Biological influences affecting laboratory rearing of the pupal parasite Coccygomimus turionellae. Environ. Entomol. 8:437-440.
Sechser, B. von. 1970. Der Parasitenkomplex des Kleinen Frostspanners (Operophtera brumata L.) Lep., Geometridae) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Kokonparasiten. I. Z. angew. Ent. 66:1-35.
Sokal, R.R. and F.J. Rohlf. 1981. Biometry The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. 2nd ed. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco. 859 pp.
Townes, H. and M. Townes. 1960. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 216, Part 2.
Townes, H. and M. Townes. 1962. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 3. Subfamily Gelinae, Tribe Mesostenini. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 216, Part 3.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with the Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia agree to the following terms:
-Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
-Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
-Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
