Ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in the Conservation Reserve Program crop rotation systems in interior Alaska
Keywords:
Carabidae, CRP, Alaska, diversity, beneficialAbstract
To improve knowledge of ground beetle communities and the influence of habitat succession on these communities in Alaska, adult ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) activity and diversity was documented on Conservation Research Program (CRP) agricultural lands in Delta Junction, Alaska (64ºN, 145ºW). Twenty species, based on a total sample of 6,116 specimens, were collected during 2006 and 2007 from plots that were in the CRP for 9 years (young-field plots) and 19 years (old-field plots). Two species, Cymindis cribricollis Dejean and Amara obesa Say, are reported for the first time for Alaska. Species richness of carabids for our study plots was estimated using the Chao 1 and Chao 2 estimators to be 22 and 28 species, respectively. Ninety-four percent of the specimens belonged to five species Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz (42.9%), Agonum cupreum Dejean (17.9%), Calathus ingratus Dejean (15%), Amara obesa (11.1%), and Dicheirotrichus cognatus (Gyllenhal) (7.1%). Only Ag. cupreum showed significant effects based on plot age. The majority of carabid activity occurred late in the season, from mid September to early October. A comparison of our findings is made with historical data (1943-1956) from the collection of the Matanuska Experiment Station now incorporated into the University of Alaska Museum Insect Collection.
References
Arctos, 2012. http://arctos.database.museum/ (accessed October 16, 2012).
Ball, G.E. 1963. Descriptions of eleven new species of the beetle subgenus Cryobius (Pterostichus, Col. Carabidae) from Alaska and northwestern Canada. Opuscula Entomologica. 28: 1-26.
Ball, G.E. 1966. A Revision of the North American Species of the Subgenus Cryobius Chaudoir (Pterostichus, Carabidae, Coleoptera). Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum XXVIII, Entomologiska Sällskapet pp1-166.
Ball, G.E. 1969. The species of the subgenus Cryobius of the Kodiak Island Archipelago (Pterostichus, Carabidae, Coleoptera), pp. 156-194. In, The Kodiak Island Refugium: its geology, flora, fauna, and history (T. N. V. Karlstrom and G. E. Ball, Editors). Ryerson Press, Toronto.
Ball, G.E. and D.C. Currie. 1997. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Trachypachidae and Carabidae) of the Yukon: Geographical distribution, ecological aspects, and the origin of the extant fauna. pp. 445 – 489 in H.V. Danks and J.A. Downes (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa. 1034 pp.
Ball, G.E. and Y. Bousquet. 2001. Carabidae Latreill, 1810. In: Arnett, R.H., Thomas, M.C. (Eds) American Beetles, volume 1: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C., 32-132.
Best, L.B., H. Campa III, K.E. Kemp, R.J. Robel, M.R. Ryan, J.A. Savidge, H.P.
Weeks, and S.R. Winterstein. 1997. Bird abundance and nesting CRP fields and cropland in the Midwest: a regional approach. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 25: 864-877.
Bousquet, Y. 1991. Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada. Publication 1861/E., Ottawa. 430pp
Bousquet, Y. and A. Larochelle. 1993. Catalogue of the Geadaphaga (Coleoptera: Trachypachidae, Rhysodidae, Carabidae including Cicindelini) of America north of Mexico. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 167: 1-397.
Chapman, E.W. and C.A. Ribic. 2002. The impact of buffer strips and stream-side grazing on small mammals in southwestern Wisconsin. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 88: 49-59.
Chapin, F.S.III, M.W. Oswood, K. Van Cleve, L.A. Viereck, and D.L. Verbyla (eds). 2006. Alaska’s Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, New York. xiv + 354 pp.
Chao, A. 1987. Estimating the population size for capture-recapture data with unequal catchability. Biometrics. 43: 783-791.
Chazdon, R.L., R.K. Colwell, J.S. Denslow, and M.R. Guariguata. 1998. Statistical methods for estimating species richness of woody regeneration in primary and secondary rain forests of northeastern Costa Rica. In: Dallmeier, F. & Comiskey, J.A. (Eds.). Forest Biodiversity Research, Monitoring and Modeling. Conceptual Background and Old World Case Studies. UNESCO Paris and The Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnforth, UK. pp. 285–309
Chen, I.C., J.K. Hill, R. Ohlemuller, D.B. Roy, and C.D. Thomas. (2011) Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science. 333: 1024-1026.
Colwell, R.K. 2009. EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 8.2. User's Guide and application published at: http://purl.oclc.org/estimates.
Davros, N.M., D.M. Debinski, K.F. Reeder, and W.L. Hohman. 2006. Butterflies and continuous conservation reserve program filter strips: Landscape considerations. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 34: 936-943.
Delisle, J.M. and J.A. Savidge. 1997. Avian use and vegetation characteristics of Conservation Reserve Program fields. Journal of Wildlife Management. 61: 318-325.
French, B.W., N C. Elliott, and R.C. Berberet. 1998. Reverting conservation reserve program lands to wheat and livestock production: effects on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages. Environmental Entomology. 27: 1323–1335.
Gallant, A.L., R. F. Binnian, J. N. Omernik, and M. B. Shasby. 1995. Ecoregions of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1567. United States Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA.
Gobbi, M. and D. Fontaneto. 2008. Biodiversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in different habitats of the Italian Po lowland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 127: 273-276.
Hagerty, A.M., A. Pantoja, and S.Y. Emmert. 2009. Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini) associated with Alaskan agricultural crops. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 106: 39-45.
Hajek, A.E., J.J. Hannam, C. Nielsen, A.J. Bell, and J.K. Liebherr. 2007. Distribution and Abundance of Carabidae (Coleoptera) Associated with Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations in Central New York. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 100: 876- 886.
Hamilton, J. 1894. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Alaska. With the synonymy and distribution. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. vol. XXI, pp 1- 38.
Harrison, S.K. and E.E. Regnier. 2003. Postdispersal predation of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) seed in no-tillage corn, Weed Sci. 51: 955–964.
Harrison, S. and E.R. Gallandt. 2012. Behavioural studies of Harpalus rufipes De Geer: an important weed seed predator in northeastern US agroecosystems. International Journal of Ecology. 2012: 1-6. doi:10.1155/2012/846546
Hulten, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories. Stanford University
Press, Stanford, California, USA.
Jensen. 2010c. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) associated with rhubarb in the Matanuska Valley, Alaska: Species composition, seasonal abundance, and potential virus vectors. Journal of Entomology Society of British Columbia. 107:75-81.
Johnson, D.H. and M.D. Schwartz. 1993. The Conservation Reserve Program and grassland birds. Conservation Biology. 7: 934-937.
Kromp, B. 1999. Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture: a review on pest control efficacy, cultivation impacts and enhancement. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 74: 187–228
Landolt, P.J., A. Pantoja, A. Hagerty, L. Crabo, and D. Green. 2007. Moths trapped in Alaska with feeding attractant lures and the seasonality of potential agricultural pests. Canadian Entomol. 139: 278-291.
Larochelle, A., and M.C. Lariviere. 2003. A natural history of the ground-beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of America north of Mexico. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp.1-583.
Lewis, C.E., G.D. Franklin, and D.M. Quarberg. 1979. Delta-Clearwater lands opened for agriculture use – 2000 acre clearing – trial project. Agroborealis. 11, 32-34.
Lindroth, C.H. 1963. The Aleutian Islands as a route for dispersal across the North Pacific. Zoological Institute, University, Lund, Sweden. 121-131pp.
Lindroth, C.H. 1969. The ground-beetles (Carabidae, Excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Entomlogiska Sallskapet, Lund, Sweden.
Lindroth, C.H. 1971. Holarctic elements in the North American fauna. Proc. 13th Int. Congress Entomol. (Moscow 1968) 1:92-100 [not seen, cited from Ball & Currie 1997.]
Lindroth, C.H., and G.E. Ball. 1969. An annotated list of invertebrates of the Kodiak Island refugium. p. 122-153. In: T. N. V. Karlstrom and G. E. Ball (eds.) The Kodiak Island refugium: Its geology, flora, fauna, and history. Ryerson Press; Toronto 262 p.
Lindroth, C.H., 1969. An analysis of the carabid beetle fauna of the refugium. p. 195-210. In: T. N. V. Karlstrom and G. E. Ball (eds.) The Kodiak Island refugium: Its geology, flora, fauna, and history. Ryerson Press; Toronto 262 p.
Lövei, G.L. and K.D. Sunderland. 1996. Ecology and behavior of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annual Review of Entomology. 41: 231-256.
Mannerheim, C.G. 1843. Beitrag zur Kaefer-Fauna der Aleutischen lnseln, der Insel Sitkha und Neu-Californiens. Bulletin de la Société Impériale Des Naturalistes Moscou., 16: 175-314.
Mannerheim, C.G. 1846. Nachtragzur Kaefer-Fauna der Aleutischen Inseln, und der Insel Sitkha. Bulletin de la Société Impériale Des Naturalistes Moscou. 19: 501-16.
Mannerheim, C.G. 1852. Zweiter Nachtrag zur Kaefer-Fauna der Nord-Amerikanischen Laenderdes Russischen Reiches. Bulletin de la Société Impériale Des Naturalistes Moscou. 25: 283-387.
Mannerheim, C.G. 1853. Dritter Nachtrag zur Kaefer-Fauna der Nord-Amerikanischen Laender desRussischenReiches. Bulletin de la Société Impériale Des Naturalistes Moscou. 26: 95-273.
Menalled, F.D., R.G. Smith, J.T. Dauer, and T.B. Fox, 2007. Impact of agricultural management on carabid communities and weed seed predation, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 118: 49-54.
Melbourne, B.A. 1999. Bias in the effect of habitat structure on pitfall traps: An experimental evaluation. Australian Journal of Ecology. 24: 228-239.
Millenbah, K.F., S.R. Winterstein, H. Campa, L.T. Furrow, and R.B. Minnis. 1996. Effects of Conservation Reserve Program field age on avian relative abundance, diversity, and productivity. Wilson Bulletin. 108: 760-770.
Mortensen. 2011. Cover Crops and Disturbance Influence Activity-Density of Weed Seed Predators Amara aenea and Harpalus pensylvanicus (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Weed Science 59: 76–81.
NRCS (Natural Resource Conservation Service). 2003. National handbook of conservation practices: conservation practice standard, filter strip. Natural Resource Conservation Service Code 393, Washington, D.C., USA.
O’Neal, M.E., J.R. Prasifka, N.P. Schmidt, J.W. Singer, R.L. Hellmich, and K.A. Kohler. 2005. Assessing Carabid Contribution to Ecosystem Services: Does It Matter If There Are More Beetles? American Entomologist. 51(4): 231-233.
O’Rourke, E.M., M. Liebman, and M.E. Rice. 2008. Ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in conventional and diversified crop rotation systems. Environ. Entomol. 37: 121-130.
Pantoja, A., A. Hagerty, S.Y. Emmert, and J. Munyaneza. 2009. Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) associated with potatoes in Alaska: species composition, seasonal abundance, and potential phytoplasma vectors. American Journal of Potato Research: 86: 68-75.
Pantoja, A., A. Haggerty, and S.Y. Emmert. 2010a. A seasonal survey of click beetles in a potato production area near Palmer, Alaska. American Journal of Potato Research. 87: 188-194.
Pantoja, A., A.M. Hagerty, and S.E. Emmert. 2010b. A seasonal survey of click beetles in two potato production areas in interior Alaska. American Journal of Potato Research. 87: 531-536.
Pantoja, A., A.M. Hagerty, S.Y. Emmert, J-C. Kuhl, K. Pike, J.M. Alvarez, and A. Jensen. 2010c. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) associated with rhubarb in the Matanuska Valley, Alaska: Species composition, seasonal abundance, and potential virus vectors. Journal of Entomology Society of British Columbia. 107: 75-81.
Pearce, J.L., L.A. Venier . 2006. The use of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) as bioindicators of sustainable forest management: A review. Ecological Indicators. 6: 780-793.
Sailer, R.I. 1954. Invertebrate research in Alaska. Arctic. 7: 266-274.
SAS. 2008. Statistical Analysis System Ver. 9.2. SAS Institute, Cary North Caroline, USA
Schoephorster, D.B. 1973. Soil survey of Salcha-Big Delta area, Alaska. USDA Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Schwarz, E. A. 1900. Papers from the Harriman Alaska expedition. XVIII. Entomological Results (12): Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 2: 523-537.
Seefeldt, S., J. Conn, M. Zhang, and P. Kaspari. 2010. Vegetation changes in Conservation Reserve Program Lands in Interior Alaska. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 135: 119-126.
Serreze, M. C., J. E. Walsh, F. S. Chapin III, T. Osterkamp, M. Dyurgerov, V.
Romanovsky, W. C. Oechel, J. Morison, T. Zhang, and R. G. Barry. 2000. Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high-latitude environment. Climatic Change 46: 159-207.
Semlitsch, R.D., and J.R. Bodie. 2003. Biological criteria for buffer zones around wetlands and riparian habitats for amphibians and reptiles. Conservation Biology. 17: 1219-1228.
Southwood, T.R.E. 1978. Ecological methods with particular reference to the study of insect populations. Chapman and Hall, New York.
Toft, S. and T. Bilde. 2002. Carabid diets and food value. In J.M. Holland (ed.), the agroecology of Carabid beetles, pp. 81-110. Intercept, Androver, UK.
Topping, C.J. and K.D. Sunderland. 1992. Limitations to the use of pitfall traps in ecological studies exemplified by a study of spiders in a field of winter wheat. Journal of Applied Ecology. 29: 485-491.
Washburn, R.H. 1972. The research insect collection. Agroborealis 4: 6-7.
Ward, M.J. Ward, M.R. Ryan, W.S. Curran, M.E. Barbercheck, and D. A.
Watson, D.G., J.J. Davis, and W.C. Hanson. 1966. Terrestrial Invertebrates. Environment of the Cape Thompson Region, Alaska. ed. Wilimovsky, N.J., Wolfe, J.N. United States Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information; pp 565-584.
Work, T., T. Kolvula, M. Klimaszewski, J. Langor, D.W. Spence, J.R. Sweeney, and J.D. Hébert. 2008. Evaluation of carabid beetles as indicators of forest change in Canada. Canadian Entomologist 140(4): 393-414.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with the Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia agree to the following terms:
-Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
-Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
-Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
