Attraction of a bark beetle predator, <i>Thanasimus undatulus</i> (Coleoptera: Cleridae), to pheromones of the spruce beetle and two secondary bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Abstract
The bark beetle predator Thanasimus undatulus Say was captured in statistically significant numbers (total catch = 470, 713, and 137) in three field experiments using multiple-funnel traps baited with various combinations of pheromones for the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, and the secondary bark beetles Dryocoetes affaber Mannerheim, and Ips tridens Mannerheim. Thanasimus undatulus was attracted to frontalin and a-pinene, the commercial spruce beetle lure, alone or combined with the D. affaber pheromones (+)-endo- and (±)-exo-brevicomin. Ips tridens pheromones, (±)- and (+)-ipsdienol, significantly increased the numbers of T. undatulus attracted to spruce beetle lures. Additional I. tridens pheromone components, (-)-cis-verbenol and amitinol, did not increase attraction to spruce beetle lures with added (±)-ipsdienol. Attraction to I. tridens pheromones indicates that baiting susceptible hosts with I. tridens pheromones to induce competitive exclusion of the spruce beetle may also lead to increased densities of the natural enemy, T. undatulus.
Key words: Thanasimus undatulus; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Ips tridens; Dryocoetes affaber; ipsdienol; kairomone; predator; Princeton; British Columbia
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