Numbers and types of arthropods overwintering on common mullein, <i>Verbascum thapsus</i> L. (Scrophulariaceae), in a central Washington fruit-growing region
Keywords:
common mullein, overwintering, orchard pests, predatory arthropods, mullein thrips, western flower thrips, Orius tristicolor, mitesAbstract
Densities and types of arthropods overwintering on common mullein, Verbascum thapsus L., in a fruit-growing region of Central Washington were determined. Over 45,000 arthropods were collected from 55 plants (5 plants from each of 11 sites), dominated numerically by Acari and Thysanoptera. Insects representing 8 orders and 29 families were identified, distributed both in the basal leaf rosettes and in the stalk material of the plants. One specialist insect herbivore of mullein, the mullein thrips, Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn), was abundant at all sites. Several pest and predatory taxa that commonly occur in orchards were also collected, suggesting that mullein may be a source of overwintered pests or predators moving into orchards in early spring. Pest taxa included primarily western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)), Lygus spp., and tetranychid spider mites. Common predators included phytoseiid mites and minute pirate bugs (Orius tristicolor (White)). Sites that were geographically close to one another were not more similar (in taxonomic composition of overwintering arthropods) than more distantly separated sites.References
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